The Effects of Plasma-Activated Water on Heavy Metals Accumulation in Water Spinach

Toxic heavy metals accumulate in crops from the environment through different routes and may interfere with biochemical reactions humans, causing serious health consequences. Plasma technology has been assessed for promotion of seed germination plant growth several past studies. Therefore, aim present study was to evaluate whether rate plants can be increased application non-thermal plasma, as well reduce accumulation leafy vegetables (water spinach). In this study, kinds plasma treatments were applied, such treatment on seeds (PTS + NTW), irrigation water (NTS PAW) or both PAW). The results showed that accumulated spinach affected by available soil. bioconcentration factor (BCF) Cd decreased 0.864 0.543 after irrigating water, while BCF Pb low did not show any significant changes. suggest suppress absorption, but Pb. help improve product yield planted Cd-added future, fertilizers used supply nutrients are provided plasma-activated support spinach.